Dermatopathology and A List of Skin Disorders

Jasper Smit, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland, Email: cheeng123@gmail.com

Received: 26-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. JMOLPAT-22-74963; Editor assigned: 29-Aug-2022, Pre QC No. JMOLPAT-22-74963 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Sep-2022, QC No. JMOLPAT-22-74963; Revised: 22-Sep-2022, Manuscript No. JMOLPAT-22-74963 (R); Published: 30-Sep-2022

Description

Dermatopathology is a collaborative specialisation of dermatology and pathology, sometimes known as surgical pathology that focuses on the microscopic and molecular investigation of cutaneous diseases. It also includes fundamental assessments of the possible origins of skin diseases. Clinical dermatologists and dermatopathologists collaborate often, and many of them have additional clinical dermatology training. Most skin disorders may be identified by dermatologists based on their characteristics, anatomical distributions, and behaviour. The use of a skin sample to be inspected under a microscope or to be subjected to other molecular analyses is sometimes necessary, though, when those criteria do not allow for a definitive diagnosis. This procedure reveals the disease’s histology and yields a particular diagnostic interpretation. Biopsies may occasionally require extra specialist testing, such as immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and molecular-pathologic evaluation.

The breadth of dermatopathology presents one of its biggest difficulties. There are more than 1500 distinct skin conditions, such as neoplasms and cutaneous eruptions (dermatological oncology deals with pre-cancers, such as an actinic keratosis; and cancers, including both benign masses, and malignant cancers- such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and most dangerously, malignant melanoma). Vitiligo, impetigo, purpura, pruritus, warts, moles, oral or genital herpes, syphilis chancre sores, contact with poison ivy and related plants or other venom sources, rashes, cysts, abscesses, corns, and dermabrasions, as well as cases involving wrinkles, peeling skin, or autoimmune attacks on the skin, are examples of non-c Consequently, dermatopathologists need to keep up their knowledge of a wide range of clinical dermatological topics as well as a number of other medical specialties.

List of skin conditions

The human integumentary system, which consists of skin, hair, nails, and associated muscle and glands, covers the whole surface of the body and is subject to a variety of diseases. This system’s main job is to protect against the outside environment. The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue are the three separate layers that make up the skin, which weighs four kilos on average, has a surface area of two square meters, and weighs four kilograms. The two basic forms of human skin are hair-bearing skin and glabrous skin, which includes the “palmoplantar” surfaces, the hairless skin on the palms and soles. The latter variety contains hairs in pilosebaceous units, which are structures with a hair follicle, a sebaceous gland, and an arrector pili muscle. The ectoderm of the embryo, which gives rise to the dermis and subcutaneous tissues as well as the hair and glands, is chemically impacted by the underlying mesoderm. The stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale are the many strata that make up the epidermis, which is the skin’s most superficial layer. These layers receive nutrition via diffusion from the dermis since the epidermis nulacks a direct blood supply. The keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells are the four cell types that make up the epidermis. Keratinocytes make up the majority of them, making up about 95% of the epidermis. Cell division inside the stratum basale, in which developing cells gently push outward through the stratum spinosum to the stratum corneum, where cells are continuously removed from the surface, maintains this stratified squamous epithelium. In healthy skin, cellular migration from the basal cell layer to the top of the granular cell layer takes around two weeks, and it takes an additional two weeks for the cell to cross the stratum corneum. The papillary dermis and the reticular dermis are the two parts of the dermis, the layer of skin that lies between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. The basement membrane zone mediates the interaction between the superficial papillary dermis and the overlaying rete ridges of the epidermis. The dermis’ structural constituents are ground material, elastic fibers, and collagen. The eccrine and apocrine glands, as well as the arrector pili muscles, are located within these parts.

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